There were three winners in the Iowa Republic caucus: Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum and, not far behind them, Ron Paul.
There were also (at least) three takeaways for Jewish observers: Foreign policy matters, evangelicals matter — and Ron Paul matters.
The importance of foreign policy in the 2012 presidential race, even in a farm state once known better for the pledges for ethanol subsidies it extracts from candidates, was evident in the speeches following voting.
Romney, the former Massachusetts governor and nominative winner — he got 30,015 votes, only eight more than Santorum, the former senator from Pennsylvania — launched his speech with a broadside against President Barack Obama’s Iran policy.
“Iran is about to have nuclear weaponry just down the road,” Romney told his followers. “He said he’d have a policy of engagement. How’s that worked out?”
Santorum’s strong showing — each got just a shade less than 25 percent of the vote — was credited mostly to his months-long dedication to the state, working every county and making more than 300 appearances.
But Santorum’s strong foreign policy performance in the debates, in which he showed a command of detail stemming from his 12 years in the Senate, was also likely a factor.
In a Jan. 4 New York Times profile, Santorum advisers said the candidate started to stress his own hard line on Iran after seeing how it elicited positive responses during his Iowa campaign.
Newt Gingrich, the former House of Representatives speaker who placed fourth in Iowa with 13 percent, said in his speech he would make his foreign policy differences with Paul, the third-place finisher with 21 percent of the vote, a campaign issue in New Hampshire, which has its primary on Tuesday, Jan. 10.
“I have no doubt about the survival of Israel as a moral cause which we have to recognize as central to our future,” Gingrich said in his speech, targeting Paul, who has downplayed Iran’s potential nuclear threat and pledged to end aid to Israel if elected.
Joining Gingrich outside of the top three in Iowa were Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.), who got 5 percent of the vote, and Texas Gov. Rick Perry, who got 10 percent. On Jan. 4, Bachmann ended her campaign.
Gingrich, Bachmann and Perry had at various times during 2011 experienced surges in the polls, a signal of the difficulties faced by Romney, who has struggled to break away from the pack and establish himself as the clear front-runner.
Romney’s albatross has been his reputation as a moderate in a party that has moved sharply to the right since the 2010 congressional election, when tea party candidates helped Republicans regain the House.
That was another factor explaining Santorum’s last-minute surge; he performed especially well in rural Iowa counties where evangelicals predominate. Santorum is a Roman Catholic, but his take-no-prisoners stance on abortion, gay marriage and his defense of religious expression in the public square appealed to the evangelical base.
Santorum was already reaching out to pro-Israel fundraisers in the wake of his strong showing, insiders said. Those givers had mostly ignored him because of his back-of-the-pack showings in the polls until very recently.
Pro-Israel insiders said Santorum would likely get a more receptive hearing in the wake of Iowa, although whether it would be enough to assist him going into New Hampshire is another question. Santorum has a minimal ground operation in the state.
As a senator, Santorum had a strongly pro-Israel record, but Fred Zeidman, a major fundraiser for Romney, said his social stances would ultimately alienate Jewish givers.
“They would be anathema to the community,” Zeidman said in an interview.
Paul’s showing kept him in the race. Jewish Republicans had attempted to discount his support as mostly coming from supporters who took advantage of Iowa’s relatively loose caucus rules; voters are allowed to register with the party up to the day of voting.
But his 21 percent support, and his dominance among young and independent caucus-goers, have left him as a force to be reckoned with.